I am not so sure about enclosing batteries that can overheat in anything that is not well ventilated. If one is to make this kind of battery bunker, they should probably find a way to assure a lot of ventilation (maybe fan table under it?) or other cooling take place while charging. If even a small fraction of batteries overheat due to being enclosed that would not be good.
How about using the cinder blocks more or less as shown with a fan table under them. Design a system using smoke detectors that shuts the fans and drops the sand? Possibly the concrete block might be permeable enough to sandbag the top and still have enough air to cool the batteries while charging? Another possible method might be to use a water chamber to charge the batteries. This would give exceptional heat transfer, the batteries are well sealed I am sure. OR possibly wet the concrete blocks before using them with the fan to gain evaporative cooling? There are plenty of possibilities to improve the safety even further.