Can someone explain this lens effect to me?

Here is the GIF

https://gfycat.com/gifs/detail/gargantuanorganicgoose

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Dolly zoom or reverse trucking shot. It’s where you are trucking in/out while doing the opposite zoomig in/out.

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As you increase focal length, view angle decreases; this makes far away things appear closer while reducing the size of the frame. As focal length decreases, the opposite occurs. Long focal lengths “flatten” an image, reducing the perceived depth. Short ones do the opposite.

See: https://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/camera-lenses.htm

Ultra-wide angle lenses (super short focal length, around 10-15mm) make some really cool distortion effects.

See: https://kenrockwell.com/tech/how-to-use-ultra-wide-lenses.htm

There is a picture of a truck near the end of the page. Mouse over to swap between ultra-wide and a more standard focal length.

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“vertigo effect”

You’re gonna need a bigger boat.